Major League Baseball Team Budgeting

Major League Baseball Team Budgeting Major League Baseball Team Budgeting and the Effects of Big Spending Organizations versus Small Spending Organizations Introduction/Background Major league baseball is Americas pastime and one of the greatest sports in the world. Major league teams are multi-million dollar organizations that must budget their revenues and expenses just like a hospital, law firm, or financial company. Different teams have different ways of budgeting with one common goal, winning. In todays society, everybody wants to win in some facet of life. For major league baseball owners, there are many different ways to win. With the annual revenues heavily outweighing the annual expenses, owners do not have to worry about winning financially, but they do have to worry about winning on the field. Success on the field puts more people in the stands, sells more merchandise, and attracts big time television deals. These factors demonstrate that as long as you are winning on the field, your annual profit will only increase. This is why owners must plan, implement, and control their teams budget to the best of their ability just like a mayor has to do for h is or her city. After each season, the owner must then measure results and make a report of the teams financial information. If the team has a successful year on the field, it is more likely that team is going to generate a larger profit. Another aspect of budgeting that relates to baseball is expenses or expenditures. There are teams in major league baseball that will spend outspend any other team in the league in hopes that their team will win the world series. Even playing in the World Series means bigger profits for the organization. This can be related to a hospital spending money on a high-tech MRI machine that will cost more, but the MRI machine might be the only one in the area and bring in more business for the hospital. I am going to analyze the team budgets for the two top spending teams in baseball versus two teams that spend substantially less. Next, I will compare the results on the field. I am going to demonstrate how important financial management is to the game of b aseball through the master budgets of four different major league teams, the New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, Tampa Bay Rays, and Oakland Athletics. B. In Support of Big Spending Organizations In 2013, the two largest spending teams in Major League Baseball were the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers. Each of these teams spent over two hundred million dollars on their players alone. Owners of any major league baseball team have a lot more to budget than just the players. Every organization must budget not only the players salaries, but every member in the entire organization, the cost of running the stadium, and the farm systems or minor leagues. The Yankees and Dodgers set up their budget for the 2013 season for one goal, to win the World Series. The operating budgets for these two teams is much more than the two hundred million dollars they pay their players. The owners do not have to worry about this because according to Ozanian (2013) the Yankees bring in over a billion dollars from marketing deals. They are worth over two million dollars all together. According to Brown (2013) From 1999 to 2012, clubs have spent a total of $33,942,203,596 on final payrolls. The Yankees account for 7% of that. In 2009, the Yankees had to take another aspect of budgeting into consideration, the capital budget. They built a new stadium that cost 1.5 billion dollars to complete. They will use annuities to pay off the stadium over time. With the amount of money, they are spending in 2013, you would imagine that they are the best team in baseball by far. This, however, was not true. The one thing that the Yankee owner could not control was injuries. Their big-time spending may have looked good on paper, but the Yankees failed to make the playoffs. As for the Dodgers, they are worth 1.6 billion dollars. Their big money spending has paid off however, by making a trip to the post season. According to the Associated Press (2012) During the 2012 season, the Dodgers signed a player from Cuba named Yasiel Puig for 42 million dollars. This mid-season acquisition could be considered as part of the capital budget. They signed Puig to a seven-year contract. Just like a fire station investing in a new fire truck, the Dodgers invested in a new player. This new player was a vital part of their 2013 success. The Dodgers set up their budget to win immediately, and that is what they are doing. According to Nightengale (2013a) the Dodgers led the league in average attendance. Like I said earlier, success puts people in the stands, and that is exactly what the Dodgers have done. The Dodgers also have advanced to the National League Championship Series for the first time in nineteen years. (Nightengale, 2013a) What are the advantages of big money spending? For teams like the Yankees and Dodgers, they chose to spend more money to acquire better players. Both teams line ups and pitching staffs in 2013 were stacked with perennial all stars. The only difference between the two teams is that the Dodger players were able to stay healthy. This spending advantage on players such as Adrian Gonzales, Hanley Ramirez, and Carl Crawford gave them an advantage in their division over teams who could not afford these players. We could compare this to a city such as Mobile spending more money than say Montgomery to bring a corporation such as Airbus. Airbus would create more jobs and more revenue for the city of Mobile. The big money players created more wins for the Dodgers. More wins for the Dodgers means more profit for their organization. Airbus for Mobile means for profit for the city. Another effect of big spending is player motivation. Motivation is a vital component of an organizations success. Pla yers who are making more money and play each night in front of larger crowds often perform at a higher level than players playing in front of half empty stadiums. Overall, the effects of big spending teams in 2013 is that only one of two made the playoffs. The financial management of the Dodgers has played a key role in their recent success. Argument for Small Spending Organizations The two teams that I am going to analyze that spent far roughly half has much as the Yankees and Dodgers are the Oakland Athletics and the Tampa Bay Rays. Instead of spending the big bucks on perennial talent like the Yankees and the Dodgers, the As and Rays have different ways of producing wins on the field. The Tampa Bay Rays have a pay roll of 68 million dollars. (OBarr, 2013) They finished ahead of the Yankees in the American League East division and grabbed a wild card spot to make the playoffs. So how did they do it? According to OBarr (2013) Building talent throughout the minor league and watching it blossom on the big-league diamond is the system that has allowedJoe Maddons club to have this much success. Without homegrown players like Longoria and Price, the Rays are lucky to even win 90 games this year, let alone make the postseason. The Rays develop their own players in the minor leagues until they are ready to perform in the major leagues. Instead of spending a lot of mon ey on great players, they save money by producing them from within their organization. They save a ton of money by doing this, and they are able to bring in more revenue by doing so. This can be compared to the public administration field by looking at a police force in a city. If the city focuses more on training police officers and developing them into great cops, then they are going to be more effective. The Rays just like every baseball organization uses responsibility centers to budget their minor league systems. Each organization has five minor league franchises. Each organization has a president and CFO that set their individual budgets each year. This is another aspect of budgeting that plays a key role in their organizational success. The Oakland As also spend less than the Yankees and Dodgers, but they too made the playoffs. How did they do it? Their general manager, Billy Bean has become famous for his style of producing winning teams called moneyball. A book was published in 2003 about his success with no name, low paid players, and Brad Pitt made a movie about it. Barra (2013) states about the 2013 As, Billy Beanes As this year really are a moneyball team. They just clinched the American League West with a .596 win-loss percentage-second in the league only to the Red Sox. During September they are 16-5. And they are doing it with a payroll of $60,664,500-the fourth lowest in the major leagues. He also states, No team has gotten more return on less investment (Barra, 2013) The As are a small market team meaning they do not have much money for expenses. This is why they have to use the moneyball technique to win and produce revenue. The As can be compared to a hospital that does not have the money for the best e quipment or doctors, but they find the best affordable equipment and doctors and save as many lives as a hospital with a much larger budget and better known doctors. Going back to the quote about more return for less investment, that is an organizational dream. The As know they cannot spend as much as the Yankees and Dodgers, but they find players who will produce on the field for a cheaper cost. The effects of As and Rays style is winning on the field. They both produced better records than the Yankees who spent more than both of them combined. An advantage of the low spending teams is that they are almost always the underdogs who have something to prove. Both the Yankees and Dodgers have players that have already proven themselves in the major leagues. The As and Rays are built with players who are hungry and willing to do anything to win. The As proved this in the second half of the season by having the best record in baseball. The Rays also proved this by winning six straight games to finish the season and propel themselves into the playoffs. An Assessment of the Different Spending Organizations In my opinion, both of these styles of budgeting can be effective. Although the Yankees, did not make the playoffs in 2013, they won the World Series in 2011. I have to admit, I am a fan of the underdog, the team with something to prove, but making more money and playing in front of more people are a plus too. The New York Yankees are one of the most valuable sports organizations in the entire world. They feature some of the most well know players throughout the world such as Derek Jeter, Alex Rodriguez, and Mariano Rivera. On the contrary, the Oakland As feature players such as Josh Donaldson, Coco Crisp, and Kurt Suzuki. Who knows who any of these guys are? Well, as a side note, Josh Donaldson played for Auburn. But back to the argument, which of these master budgets is the better way to go? Although, the As and Rays made the playoffs this year, their budgeting styles do not produce winning teams every year. The Rays have made the playoffs just three times in the last eight years, and the As have been just twice in the last eight years. The big money spenders such as the Yankees, have been competitive for the last decade and the Yankees failed to make the post season just twice in the last ten years. If I am going to run an organization, I would want to produce the most profit. Each of these four teams has their own specific way of doing so, but the Yankees are the team who produce most efficiently on the field year in and year out. If I had a choice of an organization to run, I would choose the organization who produces the most efficient product and that is exactly what the Yankees do. Krissoff (2013) stated in his journal article, We calculated the average salaries for 2007-11 and found that all of the World Series winning teams exceeded the league average salaries and the salaries of their World Series opponents. This statement alone proves that the team who has spent more has accomplished the organizations ultimate goal for five straight years. Winning t he World Series not only brings great attention to your organization, but a substantial amount of extra profit. Conclusion In conclusion, I have analyzed four different Major League baseball teams and broken down the different ways they budget their organizations to produce results on the field. I wanted to demonstrate that financial management plays a vital role not only in the public sector, but in Major League baseball as well. I have compared the four teams to public sector organizations and given examples of how similar they are. I used examples of how the teams had to incorporate capital budget into their operating budget. I discussed their annual revenues and expenses. I explained how the teams had to use the responsibility center to manage their farm systems. But the main argument in this essay was which organizations produced the best results. I broke down the facts about the big money spending organizations and the small money organizations. Overall, like most aspects of life, the person, company, or organization that spends the most money will often come out on top. Although the underdog might sneak under the radar in some cases, the big spender usually wins in the long run. Billy Beans Oakland As were under the radar most of the season until they fell to an organization that spent more money than they did in the playoffs. This statement is also true for the Tampa Bay Rays. The Dodgers made the playoffs but were eventually knocked out by the St. Louis Cardinals. The Boston Red Sox were crowned World Series champions in 2013 and to no surprise spent more than their opponent, the St. Louis Cardinals. All in all, the more money you spend, the better chance you have to win as a major league baseball organization. References Associated Press. (2012, June 29). Dodgers announce yasiel puigs deal. Retrieved from http://espn.go.com/los-angeles/mlb/story/_/id/8112841/los-angeles-dodgers-announce- signing-yasiel-puig Barra, A. (2013, September 24). forget 2002-this years oakland as are the real moneyball team. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/09/forget-2002-this-years-oakland-as-are-the-real-em-moneyball-em-team/279927/ Brown, M. (2013). Biz of baseball releases comprehensive mlb final player payroll figures for last 14 years. The Biz of Baseball, Retrieved from http://bi.galegroup.com/essentials/article/GALE|A313786892/df67a57e287280461f74267 696242118?u=naal_aub Krissoff, B. (2013). Society and baseball face rising income inequality . The Baseball Research Periodical, 42(1), Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A328281604v=2.1u=naal_aubit=rp=I TOFsw=wasid=6f1b6e9872b87b5f7a152c7cf233d52a Nightengale, B. (2013a, August 15). Nightengale: Dodgers take page from yankees. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/dodgers/2013/08/14/los- angeles-dodgers-new-york-yankees-stan-kasten-payroll-nl-west/2658245/ Nightengale, B. (2013b, March 13). Mlb salaries: Yankees, a-rod reign as cash changes hands. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/salaries/2013/03/31/2013-mlb-payrolls- salaries-yankees-dodgers/2041115/ OBarr, D. (2013, September 30). David price-led tampa bay rays reach mlb postseason with homegrown talent Retrieved from http://www.rantsports.com/mlb/2013/09/30/david-price-led-tampa-bay-rays-reach-mlb- postseason-with-homegrown-talent/?utm_source=twitterfeedutm_medium=twitter Ozanian, M. (2013, March 27). Baseball team valuations 2013: Yankees on top at $2.3 billion. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/03/27/baseball-team- valuations-2013-yankees-on-top-at-2-3-billion/

Gatekeeping Survives the Modern Age

A Master of Science in Communication Studies has finally become the heir apparent to an idea I’ve had for many years. Getting a graduate degree was always something I thought worthwhile, but the field of study was not so obvious. I did not want to put forth the time, effort and money without a clear idea of why to choose a particular subject, and then how to put it to good use. My first career as a weekly newspaper reporter was wonderful.Fresh out of college, but with a speech communication major (because that sounded like fun and could get me out of school in four years) I learned the newspaper business from a gentle man in a small town. Because writing is my first love, I was able to easily put information into a readable format. The rest of the responsibilities – interviewing, researching, proofreading, editing, layout, paste-up, photography, developing film and printing pictures, I picked up on the job. I was young and single, then young and married, and life was go od. It got better with children, so I put the newspaper business aside.As a few friends earned their Master’s Degrees, I was envious but not compelled. English and writing were options, but didn’t appear sensible unless I taught high school or contacted New York for literary work (no small feat in those pre-technology days). I was not interested in either. Life with kids was busy and they were the priority for my time. Two decades later I resumed where I had left off. I was ready to work for pay again and fell into the perfect job as a weekly newspaper reporter. It has been a growing experience as I brushed up on and fine-tuned my skills.I dove into controversial issues as well as the mundane, and for the last four years have recorded the news of a very active community. From this has grown the idea that a master’s is the next logical step. I love to learn, as I have from every story written for the newspaper. I am interested in studying the media from ‘th e big picture’ and associating with fellow mass communication enthusiasts. There are particular aspects of the degree I will pursue because it may be the only way to learn computerized techniques useful in the field.Most of my kids are no longer home to teach me that. For my final years of employment I would like to work with a company or non-profit organization, or teach at a junior college. I plan to stay with my perfect job until my last child is out of high school. Then I may be ready for a job with set hours. I’m quite sure that one year at a respectable salary will reimburse the cost of the master’s tuition, compared to a reporter’s wage. At any rate, I am always up for an adventure, and have been excited since deciding to further my education. Pat Fridgen

Claudio’s fall from grace in Much Ado About Nothing Essay

It is often said that Shakespeare meant Claudio to be the hero of the play as the climax of the play (the court scene) revolves around his love story and he finally achieves his beloved in the denouement. However, as the play progresses Claudio fails to live up to the expectation of being a hero and is barely tolerable through the course of the play. Claudio is a young Florentine and serves as Don Pedro’s right hand man. The very first impression that the audience gets of him is very deceptive just as the rest of the play is. He is said to have achieved ‘the feats of a lion in the figure of a lamb’. As the exposition scene progresses, Claudio reveals his feelings regarding Hero to Don Pedro. However, this impacts Claudio’s image negatively as he allows Don Pedro to woo Hero in his place. His manliness is put to question as he is not even brave enough to declare love to the person he loves. ‘The prince woos in Claudio’s name’ and discloses Claudio’s feelings to Leonato. In the meanwhile, Claudio acting like a fool is deceived by Don John into believing that Don Pedro has wooed for himself. Claudio appears to be a gullible character as he is deceived by the very devil into mistrusting his dearest friend. He is a brave person and a likeable man but his exasperating credulity takes the merits from all these qualities away and leaves Claudio hinging between a smart and a petty character. Though foolish and naà ¯ve in judgement, Claudio is still loved and trusted by his friends. Claudio plays a crucial role in the gull of Benedick as he becomes the via media of information from Hero about Beatrice’s love for Benedick. His presence in the scene makes it more believable and thus Claudio becomes an important character in the development of the plot in the story. The play progresses and Borachio and Don John approach Don Pedro and Claudio to carry out their master plan. On hearing, what Don John has to say, Claudio reacts impulsively without giving the situation a second thought. He believes in what Don John is saying and aggressively declares ‘If I see anything tonight why I should not marry her, tomorrow, in the congregation where I should wed, there will I shame her. Claudio’s gullibility is again showcased as he believes Don John that the person he loves is disloyal Moreover this is the person who’s compared to Diana for her virtues and Claudio readily believes her to be disloyal because the villain says so. It is in Act 4 scene 1 that all hell breaks loose and Claudio loses all respect in the eyes of the audience. Claudio openly slanders Hero. He appears to be a petty man who is only capable of judging people superficially and incapable of reacting in a calm and mature manner. He mirrors a typical Elizabethan man who is very misogynistic in his attitude. Shakespeare critics the chivalric notion of honour through Claudio and shows the co-existence of the two paradoxical notions of chivalry and misogyny. Claudio’s self-deception of being righteous and his lack of true judgement leaves the audience disgusted at him after the court scene. This feeling of disgust is heightened as Claudio fails to show any signs of guilt in his behaviour and looks for entertainment from Benedick. Even when he is informed of Hero’s death by Leonato, he doesn’t even show an iota of remorse. However, when the truth comes to light, he agrees upon repenting for his mistakes. So far so that, he doesn’t even protest taking Antoni’s daughter’s hand in marriage. This reflect upon his superficial love and how he never felt any love but was simply attracted towards Hero. His behaviour again undergoes a complete volte-face as he discovers that Hero is not dead and instantly falls in love with her again. These incidents lead us to believe that Claudio is a loosely basted character who’s behaviour is everchanging and is easily gullible and extremely impulsive in nature. Shakespeare gives to Claudio the affluence of vitality, which necessarily creates an extenuating perspective for his conduct. This makes the worst of his aberrations tolerable and thus slightly likeable. Also, Claudio’s presence in the play gives us a contrast between courtly love and true, deep-rooted love. His fall from grace gives a contrast to Benedick’s character as Benedick continuously grows from being a bit of a nonsensical character as to being a man of morals and solidarity. It is Claudio’s fall from grace and Benedick’s rise to manliness that bring about the main developments in the plot during the course of the play.

Movie Analysis Motion Picture Industry - 1427 Words

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The revenue a movie can generate varies greatly from movie to movie for a sundry of reasons. The statistical analysis below will translate the data compiled and help make sense of what correlations and rationales help make a blockbuster movie a revenue making machine. It will also point to reasoning for movies that don’t earn top rewards. Overview of Movie Revenue The sample100 movies depicted, generated a staggering $3,021,999,396 of revenue just from total gross sales. The movie revenueShow MoreRelatedMotion Picture Industry Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesMotion Picture Industry Data is important and a main-stream form of communication throughout the world; however, without being able to represent the data in a format that is easily understandable, then the data will not be as useful. Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, Cochran (2015) define data as â€Å"the facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation† (p. 5). 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Customer Service And Social Media - 2070 Words

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As customers become more technologically oriented and explore the opportunities that the web has to offer them, marketers have identified that there is a need for the implementation of strategies that would allow them to create and maintain relationships with customers on social platforms. As a result, marketers have updated traditional marketing strategies to newly developed strategies that

Macroeconomics And The Housing Industry - 1193 Words

Macroeconomics and the Housing Industry Macroeconomics is an excellent tool for the analysis of the housing industry as something like a capital good, as a home is considered to be, cannot easily be studied in a short-term platform. Real estate is a good that costs several times more than an average persons annual income, in the United States that number is typically 7 times as much, and in the United Kingdom that number is 14 times as much. Several factors of both supply and demand directly impact the housing market on a macroeconomic scale. (Business Economics, 1) Two economic factors affect supply in a stable housing market, price of related goods or similar houses, and the price of the good, best represented by style or size in the case of the housing market. The affluence of a community typically determines how much homes sell for in those communities, and therefore communities where a lot of people want to live become areas where average home prices are high. (Kumar, 1) There is little space in these affluent commun ities, and therefore little supply. A good example is New York City, where no homes are available, only apartment buildings, and very few apartments are actively exchanged each year. Supply is also affected by the growth of a community over time. For example, a new city with 10,000 homes, expanding rapidly, will have low supply and therefore more expensive homes. An older city, however, with 50,000 homes and fewer and fewer new residents, will seeShow MoreRelated Impact of Macroeconomics on the Housing Industry Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagesbetter understand the real impact macroeconomics has in an economy or a particular industry, it is better to define what macroeconomics is and what it attempts to study. Contrary from microeconomics which studies the impact that individuals or companies have in a local economy, macroeconomics focuses on the behavior of the economy or industries as a whole, in a national or global perspective. (Investopedia.com, 2015) However, microeconomics and macroeconomics are interdependent and complement eachRead MoreHow Macroeconomic Issues Affect the Housing Industry1647 Words   |  7 PagesHousing Industry The housing industry has been around for many years. It is an important industry and one that will always have a necessity to exist since it creates a product that is one of the essentials of human life, housing. Economics play an important role in the housing industry along with all other industries. There are several factors that can influence the housing industry economically. Supply and demand coupled with price elasticity can affect the housing industry. Negative andRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation939 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual purchase decisions. There are also macroeconomic concepts in the simulation. We can think of things like taxes, which are an element of fiscal policy and therefore a macroeconomic variable, as affecting the supply and demand curve for a given good. If taxes are increased, for example, the demand curve for discretionary goods might shift, moving that market out of equilibrium position. Thus, we can see clearly the link between the broad-level macroeconomic concept of taxation and fiscal policyRead MoreThe Monetary Value That Represents All Of The Products Made A Country Is Gross Domestic Product1742 Words   |  7 Pagesis doing and how much I should expect for my salary because if the prices have been increasing, then I would look for a job that pays higher so that I could have a comfortable living. Housing starts and building permits are both figures used to convey the strength of real-estate is. They are different in that housing starts show how many houses are under construction while building permits shows how many permits are issued. These numbers are significant to me right now because my family is tryingRead MoreImpact Of The Construction Sector On The Uk Economy Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The construction industry is a sector of the national economy engaged in preparation of land and construction, alteration, and repair of buildings, structures, and other real property† (BusinessDictionary, 2016). This sector in recent years has experienced declines in growth and has growing tendencies of entering a recession. It has to be recognised that it is an extremely volatile industry which has adverse effects on macroeconomic objectives some of which includes economic growth and unemploymentRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagessi mulation names the user the property manager; responsible for vacation residents, new pricing for units, and advertising. The property manager makes decisions in circumstances including the changing of supply cure, demand curve, microeconomics, macroeconomics, and the equilibrium of price and quantity. All of these decisions move the business along as conditions change around it. Demand Curve Shift Lintech Expansion The demand curve follows a distinct line unless some other factor causes the lineRead MoreThe Government ´s Role in the Success of Singapore Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesYes, I agree that a huge part of Singapore’s economic success has been built on the government’s ability to ensure macroeconomic stability as well as build long-term growth. To ensure macroeconomic stability, fiscal policy, which is the usage of government expenditures and taxes, and monetary policy, which is the changing of interest rates and quantity of money in the economy, and supply-side policies, that look into the strengthening the production capabilities of companies, have to be implementedRead MorePrivate Investments in Human Capital Growth in Asian Countries683 Words   |  3 PagesThis essay will be explaining that why macroeconomics stability is one of the key success factor that contributes to the tremendous economic growth in the last forty years of development in asian countries lik e singapore, hong kong and south korea. The objective of a government economic policy is to achieve stability. A volatile business cycle is not ideal to the economy as the rapid growth of an economy with high demand and inflation will lead to a recession as the long term inflationary growthRead MoreThe rapid rise of economies in Asia over the past few decades has been phenomenal. According to1200 Words   |  5 Pagessuggest that Asia will continue to account for more than 50% of the global world growth in the coming decade, surpassing the advanced global economies in purchasing power parity terms to become the world’s largest economic region by 2020.† Many macroeconomic factors have led to the rapid growth of economies in Asian countries over the past few decades resulting in .. The 08 HIPAEs are diverse in Illustration on Singapore 1. Introduction This paper intends to provide a short history of Singapore afterRead MoreUop Eco 365 Week 2 Individual Assignment1003 Words   |  5 Pagesthings like new employers moving into the area, rent control laws being put into effect and the change in trend from apartments to homeownership and back again. Microeconomics Versus Macroeconomics In this simulation, concepts from the study of both microeconomics and macroeconomics are observed. Macroeconomics covers factors that affect the whole economy of an area, not just one company. Events such as scenario four’s introduction of Lintech into the area changes the economy of the entire city

Women Suffrage Essay free essay sample

How far the women’s suffrage movement was responsible for women being granted the vote needs to be judged against other important factors such as the First World War, political changes and changes in other countries. By 1914, there 56 different groups of women’s suffrage with 300,000 members. The Suffragists (NUWSS) by 1910 had over 21,000 members. It consisted of mainly middle class and liberal links, but also working class members. The suffragists were a non-violent group, who used tradition actions in help to gain the vote. They gained support from MPs shown in a series of Private Members Bills. The Suffragettes (WPSU) employed 98 women office workers in London. They were associated with upper class, but also working class support. They went by violent, militant actions. Their use of violent actions lost sympathy and support from much needed supporters. In 1903, women’s suffrage was put back on the agenda after parliamentary lull in 1897-1907. It is clear both groups had positive and negative effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Suffrage Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They united women of all classes for the first time. They kept issue at the forefront of the media. On the other hand, Martin Pugh said: â€Å"The Pankhurts (WSPU) proved a highly divisive force within the women’s movements. They inflicted a catalogue of splits among militant forces. There are no grounds for the view that the WSPU shifted public opinion in favour, rather than reverse. † The First World War had a large impact on women gaining the right to vote due to their help in work during the war. Women’s suffrage movements stopped their campaigns for the vote and rallied for the â€Å"Right to Serve†. Women gained a lot of respect for this war work. Women did a wide range of jobs including munitions work, hospital jobs and farm work. The also took over â€Å"men’s work†. Women entered the armed services – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps. The enthusiasm and energy they put into their work changed male attitudes. There are two views on the impact the First World War and the work of the women during this time having the influence on women gaining the right to vote, these views consisted of the traditional view, historian John Roy claims: â€Å"Women proved by their work that they deserved the vote equally with men. Thus their war efforts succeeded where the Suffragette campaign failed. † The other view point was the revisionist view, historian Martin Pugh claimed that saying that the First World War was the most important factor is too simplistic as after 1918, women were removed from wartime employment. As well as this, in the 1920s the theory that â€Å"a women’s place is in the home† was as strong as ever. Politicians changed their minds as the existing law excluded soldiers from voting due to lack of long term residence. This could not continue after the war. If the law was changed, women had to be included as they had worked hard too. Enfranchising soldiers gave the politicians a way to climb down on female votes. Ultimately, this is very important as MPs are the only people who can actually change the law. In May 1915, the Liberal Government became a coalition. MPs that were pro-suffrage were included in the new Cabinet such as Balfour and Arthur Henderson. In December 1916, Asquith was replaced by pro-suffrage PM, Lloyd George. The Coalition Government removed the strict divisions between the parties and encouraged cooperation. MPs felt more confident if they granted 8 million women the vote as they would not all vote for one party through gratitude. There were advances in other areas such as education and law. There was important progress in education. In 1897, first women’s colleges were founded at Oxford University. As well as this, there were important changed in law, such as the increasing acceptance of divorce, 2 royal commission reports in 1912 sought to have women and men give the same rights and also improvements were made to the rights over custody of children. These changes forced MPs to take calls for the vote seriously. Events in other countries were another factor which helped the women’s suffrage movement. Other countries had granted universal suffrage such as; New Zealand, Finland and Australia – this put pressure on the United Kingdom to keep up. Britain was presenting itself as the â€Å"mother of democracy† in First World War propaganda so it was an embarrassment to be less democratic than other countries. In December 1917, Communist revolution in Russia led to a desire to strengthen parliamentary democracy in the UK. Votes for women would include them in the democratic process. Women won the argument and were granted the vote. Ever previous opponents, such as Asquith, by 1914 had to accept that the time had come to give women the right to vote. The women’s suffrage groups had raised awareness of the issues. Historian Martin Pugh said that: â€Å"Male prejudice against women melted in the face of revelations about their capabilities during war time and their contribution to the war effort. â€Å" In conclusion, although evidence is incomplete, it would appear that women’s suffrage would not have succeeded without consistent campaigning of the pre-war years. From the mid 1860’s a wide range of methods were used to persuade the government and the public of the justice of the cause. Perhaps it was the fear of a return to militancy of pre-war years which forced the government to include women in a franchise bill. However, events during the war were undoubtedly important. Historian Paula Bartley had noted that â€Å"neither the view that women achieved the vote because of their pre-war campaigns nor the view that women achieved the vote because of the war is ultimately sustainable†. In other words, a combination of factors were responsible for the achievement of the female franchise in 1918.